Posts

Phin's theory of 'volatility' as a potential measure of sustainability: An ESG,CAPM oriented Approach

Image
INTRODUCTION  As environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors continue to gain prominence in the corporate world where risk keeps on evolving, their role as a indirect potential critical measure of sustainability risk should also be recognized, meaning that where ESG is mentioned then sustainability falls a victim also. The concept of ESG started back in the mid-2000, though; the principles behind ESG are decade or centuries old. A 2004 report from the United Nations titled who cares wins carried what is widely considered the first mention of ESG in the modern context. Sustainability risk is an unforeseen situation that affects a company financially and reputation when it fails to effectively address ESG principles. Recently, climate risk which is a “E” category have become the talk of the world. The “S” category which comprises of the relationship between the companies with employees, customers, community among othe...

Insurance penetration in Kenya

Image
Outlook: Unlike its close cousin, banking, insurance industry in Kenya still has a relatively low market penetration rate. As of 2023, Kenya’s insurance penetration rate stood at 2.3%, according to data by KNBS. Though ahead of its East African neighbors, Kenya still lags behind the regional leader, South Africa, which boasts of an insurance penetration rate of about 10%. The recent Insurance Outlook Report 2024 by Delloite shows a steady growth in both the gross written premiums and return of equity for life insurance market in the post-COVID era. This is positive trend is expected to boost investor confidence in this segment. For the general Insurance, the gross written premiums has also shown a continued increase since 2015. Despite this, there has been a sustained decrease in return on equity meaning that investors are not getting enough bang for their buck in the general insurance. This negative trend has been attributed to fraud in claims and significantly low premium growth ...

The Jargon: Sustainability

Image
What comes in your mind when you hear about sustainability ?  Something for governments, the United Nation and not for Small,Micro and Medium enterprises, that's a myth. The truth is sustainability is not a complex thing,it is simple and something most of us have been doing on a daily basis. Sustainability is an extensive subject, but simply put, it is about reducing unnecessary consumption and waste. It is the things we do for the long-term good of the business, the stakeholders and the environment around your business. To practice sustainability,  Businesses can invest in energy-efficient lighting, heating, and cooling systems. Individuals can do simple things like turning off lights and computers when they're not in use.   Encouragement the use of digital forms,contracts, and reports instead of paper ones.  Send policy statements, bills, and notices via email instead of printed mail.   Use email and social media for marketing and c...

Modelling claim reserves using 'inflated' Basic Chain Ladder Method

Image
Most of the Actuarial analyst they don't feature in the inflation aspect while using this method, I get the reason, reserve overestimation!!! Most probably yeah. Kenyactuary  modified the calculation of the development factors such that instead of using weighted average a method which incorporates inflation aspect is used in the code part.  INTRODUCTION Risk is a complex issue that cannot be merely estimated without having to think about loss critically as a  random variable whereby in case of a loss then it can be ‘catastrophic’. The only solution one would opt for is to transfer the same risk to another entity. The role of transferring risk is played by insurance companies through an individual buying an insurance policy whereby the individual will pay periodic payments called premiums, upon loss the insured (individual) will be indemnified by the insurer (insurance company). An insurance policy is a contract, usually written, between an insurer and the insured which la...

Data-driven-insights and 'risk metrics' analysis web dashboard

Image
                Data analysis for report writing gives you an headache ? Don't worry anymore, Kenyactuary got you covered in your profession as an actuary, analyst, auditor , manager , CEO mention them. KenyActuary Web Dashboard is a tool for performance analytics and forecasting of various financial aspects e.g. prices(stocks), risks, claims e.t.c. The tool integrates 2 packages i.e. Microsoft Excel  and R-programming (will be widely used for creation of shiny App web dashboard).  The KenyActuary Web Dashboard  have the user interface i.e. the fronted part and the backed part. The App involves interrelationship between R-studio, Microsoft Excel, C++ (functions called using Rcpp function) and Browser (Access of KenyActuary Web Dashboard). The user will be required upload an Excel file for automated analysis. KWD is also Compatible with smart phones .The diagram below shows the diagrammatic working of KenyActuary Web Dashboard. Need ...

Actuarial Science IFOA-notes and Other Books

Image
  Kenyactuary got you covered in your journey to be an Actuary. Click the links and maneuver through to get the PDF file. In case of any challenge faced while accessing, please may I know via your comment.   Actuarial Mathematics (CM1) Actuarial Mathematics  – Click to view Loss Reserving and Financial Engineering (CM2) Loss Reserving and Financial Engineering – Click to view Actuarial Statistics ( CS1) Actuarial Statistics –  Click to view Risk Modelling and Survival Analysis (CS2) Risk Modelling and Survival Analysis  – Click to view Business Economics (CB2) Business Economics – Click to view Business Finance (CB1) Business Finance- Click to view        Financial Mathematics (Exam FM notes) Exam FM is a Society of Actuaries (SOA) exam  https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1VcJLz97lsmxVJpjMeYST7Abwym7Ztksu CT 1 https://drive.google.com/file/d/12d7f_fk3fqldKlCxKENxzXNuYP6_jc3Q/view?usp=sharing CT 2 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1...

ESG related risks becoming the global concern in the corporate world

Image
   Environmental, social and governance related risks are becoming a great concern in the corporate world globally. In Kenya financial sector stability report published on 9th October 2023 on the Central Bank of Kenya website clearly points out climate change as one of the main cause of unpredictable financial stability. The report on financial sector development and risk under SACCO section the regulator points out ESG risk as a major concern of the SACCOs and Banks. "SACCOs and Banks are increasingly being exposed to environmental risks such as climate change. The Agro-based SACCOs are prone to unconducive climatic conditions, with loans to household spent majorly on health care and education. In addition, the SACCOs and Banks business model affects social and a poverty outcome in the society. As a result, there is need to incorporate environmental, social and governance (ESG) best practices  business to reduce exposure to ESG risks. In 2021 Central Bank of Kenya direc...